Essential Words For The AP English Language And Composition Exam Vocabulary Word List
Essential Words For The AP English Language And Composition Exam Vocabulary Word List | English B1 Level (Intermediate)
97 Word
Analyze
Definition: To examine something in detail to understand it better.
- He will analyze the data for his report.
- She learned how to analyze texts critically.
- They need to analyze the results before making decisions.
Argue
Definition: to express different opinions or reasons
- They often argue about which movie to watch.
- He didn't want to argue with his friend.
- The students will argue their points in the debate.
Audience
Definition: A group of people who listen to or watch something.
- The audience clapped after the performance.
- There were many people in the audience at the concert.
- The speaker engaged the audience with interesting stories.
Claim
Definition: To state something as a fact or to assert a right to something.
- He will claim his prize at the ceremony.
- She made a claim about her invention.
- You need to claim your lost items at the office.
Compare
Definition: to examine the similarities and differences
- Let's compare our test scores to see who did better.
- She likes to compare different types of fruits.
- You can compare the prices before buying.
Conclude
Definition: To finish or bring something to an end.
- We will conclude the meeting with questions.
- He decided to conclude his speech with a quote.
- They conclude the report with recommendations.
Contrast
Definition: To compare in a way that highlights differences.
- They discussed the contrast between the two books.
- The contrast in colors made the painting vivid.
- He showed the contrast between summer and winter.
Convince
Definition: To persuade someone to believe or do something.
- I want to convince him to join us.
- She tried to convince her parents to let her go.
- They need to convince the committee of their plan.
Criticize
Definition: To express disapproval or to evaluate something negatively.
- He tends to criticize his own work too harshly.
- She didn't want to criticize her friend's ideas.
- It’s important to criticize thoughtfully and constructively.
Debate
Definition: A discussion in which people express different opinions.
- We had a debate about environmental issues in class.
- The students prepared for a debate on school uniforms.
- Debate helps us develop our speaking skills.
Define
Definition: To explain the meaning of a word or concept.
- Can you define what happiness means?
- The teacher asked us to define the new vocabulary.
- It's important to define your goals clearly.
Describe
Definition: to give details about something
- Can you describe your favorite animal?
- He asked her to describe the book she read.
- Understanding how to describe things enhances communication skills.
Develop
Definition: To grow or cause to grow and become more advanced.
- They want to develop new technology for clean energy.
- Children develop new skills as they grow.
- We will develop a plan for the project together.
Discuss
Definition: To talk about something with someone; to share ideas.
- We will discuss our project in class tomorrow.
- They like to discuss their favorite books.
- He called to discuss the upcoming event.
Emphasize
Definition: To give special importance or prominence to something.
- The teacher wanted to emphasize the importance of homework.
- She emphasized her point during the discussion.
- He used bold text to emphasize key ideas in his presentation.
Evidence
Definition: the information that helps prove something
- The detective found evidence at the scene.
- She presented evidence to support her argument.
- The evidence showed that he was telling the truth.
Example
Definition: A representative form or model used to illustrate a concept.
- She gave an example of how to solve the problem.
- Can you provide an example of your work?
- An example helps clarify the instructions.
Explain
Definition: to make something clear or easy to understand
- The teacher will explain the math problem step-by-step.
- He tried to explain his idea to the group.
- Understanding how to explain concepts is important for communication.
Express
Definition: To convey thoughts or feelings; to show something clearly.
- She likes to express her ideas through writing.
- He expressed his gratitude with a thank-you note.
- Art allows people to express their emotions.
Fact
Definition: a statement that can be proven true
- It is a fact that the Earth revolves around the sun.
- She shared a fact about animals during the presentation.
- Understanding facts is important for learning.
Feature
Definition: A distinctive attribute or aspect of something.
- The new phone has a great camera feature.
- One feature of the park is its beautiful lake.
- Understanding features helps in product comparisons.
Focus
Definition: To concentrate on something.
- Please focus on your studies.
- She needs to focus during the test.
- He lost focus while watching TV.
Hypothesis
Definition: A proposed explanation for a phenomenon, often based on limited evidence.
- The scientist tested her hypothesis about plant growth.
- We formed a hypothesis before starting our experiment.
- His hypothesis was proven correct after the tests.
Identify
Definition: To recognize or name someone or something.
- She can identify different types of birds.
- He struggled to identify the correct answer on the quiz.
- Understanding how to identify objects is key in learning.
Illustrate
Definition: To explain or make something clear by using examples or pictures.
- I will illustrate my story with drawings.
- The teacher will illustrate the lesson on the board.
- Using images can help us illustrate complex ideas.
Impact
Definition: The strong effect or influence something has.
- The impact of the storm was severe.
- They discussed the impact of climate change.
- Her speech made a big impact on the audience.
Imply
Definition: To suggest something without saying it directly.
- His tone seemed to imply that he was unhappy.
- She didn't say it outright but tried to imply her feelings.
- Understanding how to imply can enhance communication skills.
Infer
Definition: To deduce or conclude information from evidence rather than from explicit statements.
- From her smile, I could infer that she was happy.
- He tried to infer the meaning behind the poem.
- Understanding how to infer can enhance comprehension skills.
Influence
Definition: The ability to have an effect on someone or something.
- Friends can influence our choices.
- Her speech had a positive influence on the crowd.
- He wants to influence others in a good way.
Interpret
Definition: to explain the meaning of something
- He will interpret the results of the study.
- She learned to interpret the data accurately.
- The teacher asked him to interpret the poem.
Issue
Definition: An important topic or problem that people discuss.
- The issue of climate change is serious.
- They had an issue with their internet connection.
- She raised an issue during the meeting.
Main Idea
Definition: The most important point or concept in a text.
- The main idea of the story is friendship and teamwork.
- She wrote the main idea at the top of her notes.
- Understanding the main idea helps with summarizing.
Method
Definition: A way of doing something.
- This method helps us learn faster.
- We need to find a new method to solve this problem.
- Her method for studying is very effective.
Narrative
Definition: a story or account of events
- The narrative of the book was captivating.
- She wrote a narrative about her summer vacation.
- The narrative included many interesting characters.
Opinion
Definition: A personal belief or judgment about something.
- Everyone has their own opinion about the movie.
- In my opinion, reading is very important.
- What is your opinion on this topic?
Paragraph
Definition: A group of sentences that discuss a single idea.
- The essay should have at least three paragraphs.
- She wrote a paragraph about her favorite book.
- Each paragraph needs a clear main idea.
Perspective
Definition: A particular way of considering something; a viewpoint.
- She has a unique perspective on the issue.
- His perspective changed after traveling.
- They learned to appreciate different perspectives in art.
Persuade
Definition: to convince someone to do or believe something
- She tried to persuade her friend to join the club.
- He was able to persuade his parents to let him go.
- Understanding persuade helps in effective communication.
Point Of View
Definition: A particular attitude or way of considering a matter; perspective.
- Her point of view was different from his.
- They discussed the story from various points of view.
- Understanding point of view can enhance discussions.
Predict
Definition: To say what will happen in the future based on evidence.
- Scientists can predict weather changes with technology.
- They tried to predict the outcome of the game.
- It's difficult to predict how people will react.
Primary Source
Definition: An original document or firsthand account used as evidence in research.
- A diary is a primary source for studying history.
- He found a primary source for his project in the archives.
- Understanding primary sources is important for accurate research.
Process
Definition: A series of actions or steps taken to achieve a result.
- The process of baking bread takes time.
- She explained the process of making pizza.
- He followed the process carefully to complete his task.
Quote
Definition: To repeat someone's words or a statement from a text.
- He likes to quote famous authors in his essays.
- Can you quote the passage from the book?
- She often uses a quote to inspire her friends.
Reason
Definition: The explanation or cause for something.
- The reason for her absence was a family emergency.
- Can you explain the reason behind your decision?
- He had a good reason to be late.
Reflect
Definition: To bounce back light or heat; to think deeply about something.
- The mirror will reflect your image.
- She likes to reflect on her day before sleeping.
- He took time to reflect on his choices.
Relevant
Definition: Closely connected or appropriate to what is being discussed.
- Her comments were relevant to the topic.
- He provided relevant examples during his presentation.
- The information is relevant to our project.
Research
Definition: A careful study to learn more about something.
- We need to do research for our project.
- Her research on animals was fascinating.
- He enjoys research in science.
Response
Definition: An answer or reaction to something.
- Her response to the question was thoughtful.
- He waited for a response before continuing.
- The teacher appreciated the student's response.
Summarize
Definition: To give a brief statement of the main points; to condense information.
- Please summarize the chapter we read.
- He can summarize the movie plot in a few sentences.
- She asked him to summarize his findings for the class.
Support
Definition: To help or provide assistance to someone or something.
- Friends should support each other.
- The community came together to support the event.
- We need to support local businesses.
Text
Definition: Written words; a message sent electronically.
- Please read the text on the page.
- I will text you later with the details.
- He sent a text to his friend.
Theme
Definition: The central topic or idea in a piece of writing or art.
- The theme of the book is friendship.
- We discussed the theme of resilience in class.
- Her favorite theme for decorations is nature.
Thesis
Definition: A statement or theory that is put forward as a premise to be maintained.
- He wrote a thesis for his degree.
- The thesis was about climate change.
- Her thesis focused on renewable energy.
Tone
Definition: the attitude or feeling expressed in writing
- The tone of the poem was joyful.
- She used a serious tone in her presentation.
- Understanding tone helps with interpretation.
Transition
Definition: The process of changing from one state to another.
- The transition from school to work can be challenging.
- They are going through a transition period.
- She helped him with the transition to high school.
Validity
Definition: the quality of being logically or factually sound
- The validity of the research was questioned by experts.
- He ensured the validity of his sources before writing.
- Understanding the validity of arguments is crucial in debate.
Value
Definition: The importance or worth of something.
- Honesty has great value in life.
- The value of gold is very high.
- She understands the value of hard work.
Viewpoint
Definition: A person's opinion or perspective.
- Everyone has a unique viewpoint on politics.
- It's important to consider different viewpoints when discussing an issue.
- Her viewpoint on climate change is very convincing.
Anecdote
Definition: a short, interesting story about a real incident
- He told a funny anecdote about his childhood.
- The book is filled with anecdotes from famous authors.
- An anecdote can make a lesson more relatable.
Assumption
Definition: Something that is accepted as true without proof.
- My assumption was that the meeting was canceled.
- Making assumptions can lead to misunderstandings.
- The assumption that everyone knows is often incorrect.
Bias
Definition: A preference or inclination, often unfair; prejudice.
- The article showed a bias against the topic.
- We must recognize our own biases.
- His bias affected the way he viewed the situation.
Causal
Definition: Relating to a cause-and-effect relationship.
- Understanding causal links is important in science.
- They studied causal factors in the experiment.
- Causal relationships help explain events.
Classification
Definition: The process of arranging or organizing things into groups based on shared characteristics.
- Scientists use classification to categorize living organisms.
- In school, we studied the classification of animals.
- Understanding classification helps in organizing information.
Coherence
Definition: The quality of being logical and consistent; clarity in writing.
- Her essay had great coherence and flow.
- Coherence is important for effective communication.
- Understanding coherence improves writing skills.
Context
Definition: the circumstances or background surrounding an event or idea
- Understanding context helps clarify meaning.
- She considered the context of the story in her analysis.
- He provided context for his argument during the debate.
Correlation
Definition: A mutual relationship or connection between two or more things.
- There is a correlation between study habits and grades.
- She examined the correlation between exercise and health.
- Understanding correlation is vital in research.
Criteria
Definition: Standards or principles used to judge or evaluate something.
- The criteria for the award included creativity and originality.
- She met all the criteria for the scholarship.
- Understanding criteria is important for making informed choices.
Deduction
Definition: The process of reaching a conclusion based on reasoning; also refers to a subtraction.
- He made a deduction based on the evidence.
- Tax deduction helps reduce the amount owed.
- The deduction from his salary was explained clearly.
Description
Definition: A detailed account or explanation of something; a portrayal of characteristics.
- The description of the book intrigued her.
- He wrote a vivid description of the sunset.
- The teacher asked for a description of their favorite place.
Distinction
Definition: A difference or contrast between similar things; also excellence in a field.
- There is a clear distinction between fact and opinion.
- He graduated with distinction for his outstanding grades.
- The distinction between the two theories is important.
Elaboration
Definition: The process of adding more details or information; the act of developing an idea further.
- Her elaboration on the topic helped clarify it.
- They required elaboration on the project proposal.
- Understanding elaboration is essential for effective communication.
Evaluation
Definition: The process of assessing or judging something.
- The teacher will conduct an evaluation of the project.
- She received an evaluation on her performance.
- An evaluation helps improve future work.
Exaggeration
Definition: A statement that represents something as better or worse than it really is.
- Her story was an exaggeration of what happened.
- Exaggeration can sometimes make a story more entertaining.
- Understanding exaggeration is important in critical thinking.
Implication
Definition: A suggestion or hint about something without stating it directly.
- His tone had an implication of disapproval.
- The implication of her words was clear to everyone.
- They discussed the implications of the new law.
Justification
Definition: A reason or explanation for something.
- She provided a justification for her absence.
- The justification for the decision was clear.
- His justification made sense to the team.
Logic
Definition: The study of reasoning and argument.
- She used logic to solve the puzzle.
- In math, logic is essential for proofs.
- The class focuses on the principles of logic.
Nuance
Definition: A subtle difference or variation in meaning, expression, or tone.
- The actor captured every nuance of the character.
- Understanding the nuances of language can improve communication.
- She noticed the nuance in his voice during the conversation.
Outline
Definition: A general description or plan that organizes main ideas and supporting details.
- She created an outline for her research paper.
- The outline helped him structure his essay.
- An outline is useful for organizing thoughts.
Premise
Definition: A statement or idea that forms the basis for an argument or theory; can also refer to a property or building.
- His argument was based on the premise that everyone deserves education.
- The premise of the book explores friendship and loyalty.
- They rented the premises for their new business.
Proposition
Definition: A statement or proposal put forward for consideration.
- The teacher presented a proposition for a new project.
- We discussed the proposition in our meeting.
- His proposition was well-received by the group.
Rebuttal
Definition: A response that argues against a previous statement.
- Her rebuttal was strong and well-supported.
- He delivered a rebuttal to clarify his position.
- The debate included several rebuttals from both sides.
Relevance
Definition: The quality of being closely connected or appropriate.
- The relevance of her research was clear to all.
- He discussed the relevance of history in today's world.
- Understanding the relevance of a topic enhances learning.
Reliability
Definition: The quality of being dependable or trustworthy.
- Reliability is important in both friends and products.
- Her reliability made her a valued team member.
- Understanding reliability helps in making informed choices.
Significance
Definition: The importance or meaning of something.
- The significance of her discovery was recognized worldwide.
- Understanding the significance of history helps us learn from it.
- The event's significance was highlighted in the news.
Synthesis
Definition: The combination of different ideas or elements to form a new whole.
- Synthesis of information is important in writing essays.
- The synthesis of various sources improved her research.
- He focused on the synthesis of art and science in his project.
Technique
Definition: A way of doing something, especially in a skillful manner.
- He learned a new technique for playing the guitar.
- The artist used a unique technique for her painting.
- We practiced the technique repeatedly to improve.
Variation
Definition: A change or difference in condition, amount, or level.
- There was a variation in temperature throughout the day.
- The teacher noted the variation in students' test scores.
- Understanding variation is important in science experiments.
Argumentation
Definition: The process of presenting reasons or evidence to support a point of view.
- Argumentation is important for effective debates.
- She practiced argumentation skills during her speech class.
- He used strong argumentation to convince the audience.
Conclusion
Definition: The final part of something; a decision or opinion formed after consideration.
- His conclusion was based on the evidence presented.
- She reached a conclusion after analyzing the data.
- Understanding conclusions is important for critical thinking.
Demonstration
Definition: An event or presentation showing how something works or is done.
- The science fair included a demonstration of experiments.
- They held a demonstration of the new technology.
- She attended a demonstration on cooking techniques.
Interpretation
Definition: the act of explaining or understanding something
- His interpretation of the poem was interesting.
- She gave a clear interpretation of the rules.
- The interpretation of the data helped us understand better.
Persuasion
Definition: The act of convincing someone to believe or do something.
- Persuasion is used in advertising to influence consumers.
- She learned techniques of persuasion in her speech class.
- Effective persuasion requires understanding your audience.
Reasoning
Definition: The process of thinking about something in a logical way; drawing conclusions.
- Her reasoning helped solve the puzzle.
- He used reasoning to explain his decision.
- Understanding reasoning is essential for critical thinking.
Statement
Definition: A clear expression of something in speech or writing.
- The teacher asked for a statement about the project.
- He made a statement about his favorite book.
- She wrote a statement to explain her opinion.
Summary
Definition: A brief statement that gives the main points of something.
- He wrote a summary of the chapter for homework.
- The summary helped her understand the story better.
- She gave a quick summary of the meeting.
Essential Words For The AP English Language And Composition Exam Vocabulary Word List | English B2 Level (Upper Intermediate)
63 Word
Assess
Definition: To evaluate or estimate the nature or quality of something.
- The teacher will assess the students' progress.
- She assessed the damage after the storm.
- They need to assess the situation carefully.
Assume
Definition: To take something for granted or to believe something without proof.
- I assume it will rain today since the sky is cloudy.
- You shouldn't assume that everyone knows the rules.
- Let's not assume anything until we have more information.
Clarify
Definition: To make something clear or easier to understand.
- Can you clarify your question for me?
- She tried to clarify the instructions for the assignment.
- He asked the teacher to clarify the homework requirements.
Create
Definition: To make something new.
- I want to create a painting.
- She will create a new recipe for dinner.
- They create art in their free time.
Defend
Definition: To protect or support someone or something from harm or attack.
- He will defend his project in front of the class.
- She had to defend her opinion during the debate.
- The lawyer will defend the accused in court.
Demonstrate
Definition: To show or prove something through examples or evidence.
- She will demonstrate the experiment in class.
- He wanted to demonstrate how the machine works.
- The teacher used visuals to demonstrate the concept.
Evaluate
Definition: To judge or assess something.
- We need to evaluate the results of the test.
- She will evaluate the project based on creativity.
- He evaluated the students' work fairly.
Indicate
Definition: To point out or show something; to suggest or signify.
- The sign will indicate where to go next.
- Her smile seemed to indicate she was happy.
- The data may indicate a need for change.
Justify
Definition: To show or prove something to be right or reasonable.
- You need to justify your choice with evidence.
- He tried to justify his actions during the meeting.
- It's hard to justify spending so much money on a game.
Maintain
Definition: To keep something in good condition or continue a process.
- He works hard to maintain his grades.
- She needs to maintain her bike for safety.
- They maintain the park to keep it clean.
Organize
Definition: To arrange or put things in order.
- I will organize my desk tomorrow.
- She likes to organize events for her friends.
- They need to organize their notes before the exam.
Respond
Definition: To reply or answer to something, such as a question or request.
- Please respond to my email as soon as you can.
- He decided to respond to the invitation.
- How did she respond to the news?
Synthesize
Definition: to combine different elements to create something new
- They aim to synthesize information from various sources.
- She learned how to synthesize data for her report.
- He can synthesize ideas into a cohesive argument.
Articulate
Definition: able to express ideas clearly and effectively
- She is very articulate when she speaks.
- Being articulate helps in presentations.
- He learned to be more articulate in his arguments.
Ascertain
Definition: To find out or discover something.
- We need to ascertain the cause of the problem.
- She tried to ascertain the truth behind the rumor.
- He will ascertain the best time for the meeting.
Collaborate
Definition: To work together with others on a project.
- We will collaborate on the group assignment.
- The students collaborate to build a model.
- They like to collaborate with different artists.
Contribute
Definition: To give something, such as time or money, to help achieve a goal.
- She decided to contribute her time to the local shelter.
- Everyone can contribute to the community.
- He wants to contribute ideas during the meeting.
Differentiate
Definition: To recognize or ascertain what makes something different.
- She can differentiate between similar sounds.
- In math, we learn to differentiate functions.
- Understanding how to differentiate is key in science.
Elaborate
Definition: To provide more details or explanation about something; intricate.
- She asked him to elaborate on his idea.
- The project was elaborate, with many components.
- Understanding how to elaborate can improve communication.
Enhance
Definition: To improve or make better; to increase quality.
- They want to enhance the features of the app.
- She took a course to enhance her skills.
- The new software will enhance productivity in the office.
Establish
Definition: to set up or create something
- They want to establish a new club at school.
- The scientist aims to establish a connection between the two variables.
- Understanding how to establish rules is important for organization.
Exemplify
Definition: To show or illustrate by example; to represent.
- She used a diagram to exemplify the process.
- His story exemplifies the importance of hard work.
- Understanding how to exemplify can enhance learning.
Facilitate
Definition: To make an action or process easier or more achievable.
- Teachers facilitate discussions to enhance learning.
- He was asked to facilitate the meeting to keep it on track.
- Understanding how to facilitate can improve group dynamics.
Formulate
Definition: to create or devise a plan
- They will formulate a strategy for the project.
- He needs to formulate a response to the issue.
- The team worked to formulate new ideas.
Generate
Definition: To produce or create something.
- The machine can generate electricity from sunlight.
- He hopes to generate new ideas for the project.
- They plan to generate more interest in science.
Highlight
Definition: To make something stand out or more noticeable.
- I want to highlight the main points in my presentation.
- The teacher used a marker to highlight the text.
- She highlighted her favorite parts of the book.
Integrate
Definition: To combine different parts into a whole.
- We need to integrate new ideas into our project.
- The school aims to integrate technology into learning.
- They worked to integrate various cultures into the community.
Investigate
Definition: To look into something carefully to find out information.
- The teacher will investigate why the homework was not done.
- Police investigate crimes to find the truth.
- We need to investigate the results of the experiment.
Modify
Definition: To change or adjust something to make it better or more suitable.
- They decided to modify the design of the project.
- He will modify his schedule to fit the class.
- Understanding how to modify things can lead to improvement.
Negotiate
Definition: To discuss something in order to reach an agreement.
- They had to negotiate the terms of the contract.
- He was skilled at negotiate a fair deal.
- The two countries met to negotiate peace terms.
Operate
Definition: To control or function; to perform a task.
- She will operate the machine during the class.
- The doctor will operate on the patient tomorrow.
- He learned how to operate the computer software.
Participate
Definition: To take part in an activity or event.
- He decided to participate in the art competition.
- She loves to participate in class discussions.
- They will participate in the community cleanup.
Perceive
Definition: To become aware of or understand something.
- She can perceive changes in his mood.
- People perceive things in different ways.
- He began to perceive the problem clearly.
Propose
Definition: To suggest a plan or idea for consideration.
- He wants to propose a new project to his manager.
- She will propose a solution to the problem.
- They plan to propose changes to the rules.
Question
Definition: A sentence or phrase used to ask for information.
- She raised her hand to ask a question.
- The teacher answered my question.
- He had a question about the homework assignment.
Recognize
Definition: To identify someone or something as having been seen before.
- I can recognize her from the photo.
- He didn't recognize the song at first.
- Understanding how to recognize faces improves social interactions.
Reinforce
Definition: to strengthen or support something
- Teachers use games to reinforce learning concepts.
- We need to reinforce good habits in our daily lives.
- Positive feedback can reinforce a student's confidence.
Relate
Definition: to show or establish a connection between things
- He can relate his experiences to the story.
- They relate well to each other because they share interests.
- Understanding relate helps in making connections.
Review
Definition: To look over something again or to evaluate it.
- I need to review my notes before the exam.
- She wrote a review of the movie online.
- He will review the assignment tomorrow.
Select
Definition: to choose something
- Please select your favorite book from the list.
- He had to select a team for the project.
- She will select the best candidate for the job.
Substantiate
Definition: To provide evidence to support or prove the truth of something.
- He was able to substantiate his claims with data.
- The study aims to substantiate the effectiveness of the drug.
- They needed to substantiate their findings for publication.
Transform
Definition: to change something completely
- The caterpillar will transform into a butterfly.
- She wants to transform her bedroom into a cozy space.
- Education can transform lives for the better.
Validate
Definition: to confirm or support the truth of something
- The results will validate our research findings.
- She needed to validate her parking ticket.
- He sought to validate his theory with evidence.
Verify
Definition: to check or confirm
- Please verify the information before sharing.
- I need to verify your identity.
- The teacher will verify the students' attendance.
Advocate
Definition: To support or argue for a cause or policy.
- She is an advocate for environmental protection.
- He advocates for better education in schools.
- Many people advocate for animal rights.
Anticipate
Definition: To expect or look forward to something.
- I anticipate a fun weekend with friends.
- They anticipate the results of the game eagerly.
- She anticipated the arrival of her birthday presents.
Compile
Definition: To gather and organize information or data into a single document or file.
- She will compile the results of the survey.
- He needs to compile the data for his report.
- They will compile a list of resources for the project.
Contextualize
Definition: To place something in its context to better understand it.
- It's important to contextualize historical events.
- She helped contextualize the poem for her classmates.
- He learned to contextualize information for clearer analysis.
Coordinate
Definition: To organize different elements to work together.
- She will coordinate the event for the school.
- They need to coordinate their schedules for the meeting.
- He helps coordinate the team's activities.
Delineate
Definition: To describe or outline something precisely.
- She needed to delineate her ideas clearly in the paper.
- The map delineates the boundaries of the park.
- He can delineate the steps needed for the project.
Depict
Definition: To represent or illustrate something through art or description.
- The painting depicts a beautiful landscape.
- She used words to depict her feelings about the event.
- Understanding how to depict ideas is important in storytelling.
Derive
Definition: to obtain something from a source
- She could derive pleasure from reading books.
- The word "happiness" derives from the root "happy."
- He learned to derive equations in math class.
Distinguish
Definition: to recognize or point out the difference
- He can distinguish between different bird species.
- It's important to distinguish fact from opinion.
- She learned to distinguish colors in art class.
Hypothesize
Definition: To propose a theory or explanation based on limited evidence.
- She hypothesized that exercise improves mood.
- Researchers hypothesize various outcomes in studies.
- They hypothesize about the reasons for climate change.
Initiate
Definition: To begin or start something.
- They plan to initiate a new project next month.
- He will initiate the discussion on the topic.
- Understanding how to initiate can lead to successful outcomes.
Navigate
Definition: To plan and direct the course of a journey; to find one's way.
- She learned how to navigate using a map.
- He used GPS to navigate through the city.
- It's important to navigate safely while driving.
Prioritize
Definition: To arrange or deal with things in order of importance.
- We need to prioritize our tasks for today.
- She learned how to prioritize her homework.
- He will prioritize his health above all else.
Rationalize
Definition: To explain or justify something in a reasonable way.
- He tried to rationalize his decision to leave the job.
- People often rationalize their choices after making them.
- Rationalizing can help reduce feelings of guilt.
Refine
Definition: to improve something by making small changes
- The chef will refine the recipe for better flavor.
- He aims to refine his skills through practice.
- They worked to refine the design before production.
Scrutinize
Definition: to examine something very closely
- He will scrutinize the data for errors.
- The teacher will scrutinize the students' projects.
- Scrutinize your work before submitting it.
Theorize
Definition: To form a theory or set of theories about something.
- She likes to theorize about the characters' motives.
- They began to theorize about the outcome of the experiment.
- He will theorize on the subject in his paper.
Visualize
Definition: To form a mental image of something.
- She can visualize her goals clearly.
- He likes to visualize his plans before starting.
- The teacher asked them to visualize the story as they read.
Essential Words For The AP English Language And Composition Exam Vocabulary Word List | English C1 Level (Advanced)
197 Word
Abate
Definition: to lessen or reduce
- The storm will abate by morning.
- The noise began to abate after a while.
- We need to abate our waste to protect the environment.
Aberration
Definition: a departure from what is normal
- The storm was an aberration for the season.
- She noticed an aberration in his reaction.
- Abberation can occur in scientific measurements.
Abhor
Definition: to hate or detest something
- She abhors violence in any form.
- He abhors eating vegetables.
- Many people abhor discrimination and injustice.
Abject
Definition: Extremely bad, unpleasant, or degrading.
- He lived in abject poverty without any help.
- The abject conditions in the shelter were heartbreaking.
- She felt abject despair after the loss of her pet.
Abrogate
Definition: To repeal or do away with a law or formal agreement.
- The government decided to abrogate the outdated treaty.
- They sought to abrogate the unfair regulations.
- Abrogating the law was a controversial decision.
Abscond
Definition: To leave hurriedly and secretly, typically to avoid detection.
- He decided to abscond with the money.
- They absconded from the party before the police arrived.
- She planned to abscond with her friends for the weekend.
Abstract
Definition: Existing in thought or as an idea, rather than having a physical presence.
- The abstract concept of freedom can vary for different people.
- She wrote an abstract for her research paper.
- Understanding abstract ideas can be challenging.
Acumen
Definition: The ability to make good judgments and quick decisions.
- His business acumen helped the company grow.
- She has excellent acumen in financial matters.
- With her acumen, she quickly solved the issue.
Adroit
Definition: Skillful and clever in handling situations.
- She is adroit at solving complex puzzles.
- His adroit handling of the project impressed everyone.
- An adroit negotiator can achieve great outcomes.
Aesthetic
Definition: Related to beauty or the appreciation of beauty.
- The painting has a unique aesthetic that captivates viewers.
- She studies aesthetic values in art and design.
- Understanding aesthetic principles enhances creativity.
Affable
Definition: friendly and easy to talk to
- He is known for his affable nature.
- The affable teacher made everyone feel welcome.
- She greeted her guests with an affable smile.
Aggrandize
Definition: To increase in power, wealth, or importance.
- He wanted to aggrandize his status in the company.
- The story seemed to aggrandize his achievements.
- They criticized her desire to aggrandize herself.
Alacrity
Definition: Cheerful readiness or eagerness.
- He accepted the invitation with alacrity.
- She answered the questions with alacrity.
- They completed the tasks with alacrity and enthusiasm.
Alleviate
Definition: To make something less severe or more bearable.
- The medicine helped alleviate her pain.
- He tried to alleviate the stress with relaxation techniques.
- They aimed to alleviate hunger in the community.
Amalgamate
Definition: To combine or unite into one organization or group.
- The two companies decided to amalgamate for better efficiency.
- They plan to amalgamate their resources for the project.
- To amalgamate means to merge different elements.
Ambivalent
Definition: Having mixed feelings or contradictory ideas.
- She felt ambivalent about accepting the job offer.
- His ambivalent attitude confused his friends.
- They were ambivalent about the upcoming changes.
Ameliorate
Definition: To make something better or improve.
- She took steps to ameliorate the situation.
- The new policies aim to ameliorate living conditions.
- He hoped to ameliorate his grades with extra study.
Anachronism
Definition: Something that belongs to a different time period.
- The knight using a smartphone is an anachronism.
- In the movie, there was an anachronism with the clothing.
- Historical anachronisms can confuse audiences.
Anathema
Definition: something or someone that is strongly disliked or criticized
- For her, homework was anathema to fun.
- The idea of cheating is anathema to students.
- His views on the subject were considered anathema by his peers.
Apathy
Definition: Lack of interest, enthusiasm, or concern.
- The student's apathy towards homework was evident.
- Apathy can affect one's motivation to succeed.
- She felt a sense of apathy during the long meeting.
Apocryphal
Definition: Of doubtful authenticity; not genuine.
- The story about the treasure was apocryphal.
- Many apocryphal tales circulate in folklore.
- He told an apocryphal story that made everyone laugh.
Appease
Definition: To calm or pacify someone by giving in to their demands.
- They tried to appease the angry crowd.
- She attempted to appease her friend with an apology.
- Appeasing others can sometimes lead to better relationships.
Archaic
Definition: very old or outdated; no longer in common use
- The archaic language in the book was challenging to understand.
- He found an archaic artifact during the excavation.
- Using archaic terms can make writing feel formal.
Assiduous
Definition: Showing great care and perseverance; diligent.
- She is assiduous in her studies and always prepares.
- His assiduous efforts led to a successful project.
- Being assiduous can help achieve long-term goals.
Astute
Definition: Having the ability to accurately assess situations or people; clever.
- She is an astute student who understands concepts quickly.
- His astute observations helped the team succeed.
- Being astute is valuable in problem-solving.
Audacious
Definition: Showing a willingness to take bold risks; daring.
- His audacious plan surprised everyone at the meeting.
- She made an audacious decision to travel alone.
- The audacious artist broke all conventional rules.
Augment
Definition: To make something greater by adding to it.
- They plan to augment their income with a part-time job.
- She decided to augment her education with online courses.
- The team aims to augment their resources for the project.
Auspicious
Definition: Conducive to success; favorable.
- The sunny weather was an auspicious sign for the picnic.
- They believed starting the project on a Monday was auspicious.
- Her auspicious start to the day put her in a good mood.
Avarice
Definition: Extreme greed for wealth or material gain.
- His avarice led him to make unethical choices.
- Avarice can destroy relationships and trust.
- The story warns against the dangers of avarice.
Benevolent
Definition: Showing kindness and goodwill; charitable.
- The benevolent organization supports local families.
- She is known for her benevolent nature and helpfulness.
- His benevolent actions made a difference in the community.
Benign
Definition: Gentle and kindly; not harmful.
- The doctor assured her that the growth was benign.
- He had a benign smile that made everyone feel welcome.
- The weather was benign, perfect for a picnic.
Cacophony
Definition: a harsh, jarring mixture of sounds
- The city is known for its cacophony of traffic.
- She covered her ears to block out the cacophony.
- The cacophony at the concert was overwhelming.
Capricious
Definition: Given to sudden changes in mood or behavior; unpredictable.
- The capricious nature of the weather kept them indoors.
- He is known for his capricious decisions.
- Capricious friends can be fun but challenging.
Catalyst
Definition: something that speeds up a process
- The teacher was a catalyst for her students' success.
- In chemistry, a catalyst speeds up reactions.
- His idea was a catalyst for change in the company.
Caustic
Definition: Able to burn or corrode organic tissue; also describes sharp or biting comments.
- The caustic chemical required careful handling.
- His caustic remarks upset many people in the meeting.
- She avoided caustic substances in her experiments.
Clandestine
Definition: Secretive or hidden, often for illicit purposes.
- They held a clandestine meeting to discuss plans.
- Her clandestine activities were discovered.
- He was involved in a clandestine operation.
Cogent
Definition: Clear, logical, and convincing.
- She gave a cogent explanation of the project.
- The lawyer presented a cogent case in court.
- Cogent arguments can change people's opinions.
Coherent
Definition: Logical and consistent; easily understood.
- Her arguments were clear and coherent.
- He gave a coherent explanation of the topic.
- The essay was well-organized and coherent.
Colloquial
Definition: informal language used in conversation
- Colloquial language can vary by region.
- He used colloquial expressions in his speech.
- Understanding colloquial terms helps in daily conversations.
Complacent
Definition: Feeling satisfied with oneself or one's achievements and not wanting to improve.
- He became complacent after winning the award.
- Complacent attitudes can hinder progress.
- She warned against being complacent in studies.
Compliance
Definition: Following rules or standards.
- The company is in compliance with safety regulations.
- They ensured compliance with the new laws.
- She checked for compliance with the guidelines.
Conflate
Definition: To combine two or more things into one, often leading to confusion.
- It's easy to conflate facts with opinions.
- She did not want to conflate her personal feelings with her analysis.
- Understanding how to avoid conflation can improve clarity.
Connoisseur
Definition: a person who has expert knowledge in a particular area
- She is a wine connoisseur who loves to taste different varieties.
- He became a connoisseur of fine art over the years.
- Connoisseurs can appreciate the details of their interests.
Consensus
Definition: General agreement among a group of people.
- The team reached a consensus on the project direction.
- There was a consensus that the plan needed improvement.
- They worked towards a consensus during the meeting.
Contentious
Definition: Causing or likely to cause disagreement or controversy.
- The topic was contentious, sparking a heated debate.
- She avoided contentious issues in her presentation.
- Understanding contentious subjects helps in discussion management.
Copious
Definition: Abundant in quantity; large amounts.
- He took copious notes during the lecture.
- They had copious amounts of food at the party.
- The copious rainfall helped the crops grow.
Corroborate
Definition: To confirm or support a statement or theory with evidence.
- The witness was able to corroborate the suspect's alibi.
- His findings corroborate the results of previous studies.
- The teacher asked for proof to corroborate her claims.
Cryptic
Definition: Having a meaning that is mysterious or not easily understood.
- The message was cryptic and left everyone puzzled.
- He enjoyed reading cryptic clues in the puzzle.
- Understanding cryptic language can be challenging but fun.
Culpable
Definition: Responsible for a wrongdoing; blameworthy.
- He was found culpable for the accident.
- She felt culpable for forgetting the meeting.
- Being culpable can have serious consequences.
Deference
Definition: Respectful submission or yielding to the judgment of another.
- He showed deference to his elders during the discussion.
- In deference to her wishes, they changed the plan.
- Deference is important in maintaining good relationships.
Deleterious
Definition: Harmful or damaging to health or well-being.
- Smoking has deleterious effects on the lungs.
- The chemicals were found to be deleterious to the environment.
- She avoided foods that had deleterious ingredients.
Demagogue
Definition: A political leader who seeks support by appealing to popular desires and prejudices rather than by using rational argument.
- The demagogue stirred emotions in the crowd.
- His tactics as a demagogue worried many citizens.
- Understanding the role of a demagogue is important in politics.
Denounce
Definition: To publicly declare something to be wrong or evil.
- She decided to denounce the unfair practices.
- He denounced the decision at the meeting.
- Activists often denounce injustice in society.
Deride
Definition: to mock or ridicule someone
- They chose to deride his efforts instead of offering help.
- She felt hurt when they derided her ideas.
- Deriding others is never a good way to communicate.
Dichotomy
Definition: A division into two contrasting parts or groups.
- There is a clear dichotomy between right and wrong.
- She discussed the dichotomy of rich and poor.
- Understanding the dichotomy helps in critical thinking.
Disparate
Definition: Essentially different or distinct in kind; not allowing comparison.
- They come from disparate backgrounds.
- The film portrays disparate views on society.
- Understanding disparate opinions is important in discussions.
Disseminate
Definition: To spread or distribute information widely.
- The organization aims to disseminate knowledge about health.
- Teachers disseminate information to their students.
- Understanding how to disseminate information effectively is crucial.
Dogmatic
Definition: Expressing personal beliefs as if they are the only acceptable ones; stubbornly opinionated.
- Her dogmatic views made discussions difficult.
- Being dogmatic can prevent open-mindedness.
- He is often seen as dogmatic in his opinions.
Ebullient
Definition: Cheerful and full of energy; enthusiastic.
- The children were ebullient at the party.
- She had an ebullient personality that lit up the room.
- Understanding ebullient attitudes can improve social interactions.
Eclectic
Definition: Choosing from a variety of sources or styles; diverse.
- Her eclectic taste in music includes jazz and rock.
- The decoration in her room is eclectic and colorful.
- He has an eclectic collection of books from different genres.
Efficacy
Definition: The ability to produce a desired effect or result.
- The efficacy of the medicine was tested in clinical trials.
- She researched the efficacy of different teaching methods.
- Understanding efficacy is vital in evaluating treatments.
Egregious
Definition: Outstandingly bad or shocking; remarkably bad in a negative way.
- The student's egregious behavior led to a suspension.
- It was an egregious error to forget the homework.
- Understanding egregious actions helps in learning from mistakes.
Elicit
Definition: To draw out or bring forth a response or reaction.
- The teacher tried to elicit answers from the students.
- His question was meant to elicit a thoughtful discussion.
- Understanding how to elicit responses can improve communication.
Eloquent
Definition: Fluent and persuasive in speaking or writing.
- He gave an eloquent speech about climate change.
- Her eloquent words moved the audience to tears.
- Understanding eloquence can improve communication skills.
Empirical
Definition: Based on observation or experience rather than theory or pure logic.
- Empirical evidence supports the findings of the study.
- She conducted empirical research for her science project.
- Understanding empirical methods is essential in scientific inquiry.
Enervate
Definition: to weaken or drain energy
- The long meeting enervated everyone in the room.
- He felt enervated after studying all night.
- Understanding how stress can enervate us is important for health.
Engender
Definition: To cause or produce a feeling, situation, or condition.
- The discussion may engender new ideas.
- Her kindness engendered a sense of community.
- Understanding how to engender feelings is important in relationships.
Ephemeral
Definition: Something that lasts for a very short time.
- The beauty of the sunset is ephemeral.
- She created ephemeral art that would wash away with rain.
- Understanding ephemeral moments can enhance appreciation of life.
Equivocate
Definition: To use ambiguous language to avoid giving a clear answer.
- When asked about his plans, he chose to equivocate.
- She tends to equivocate when discussing sensitive topics.
- Understanding how to equivocate can influence discussions.
Erudite
Definition: having or showing great knowledge; scholarly
- The erudite professor impressed everyone with his lectures.
- She is known for her erudite discussions on literature.
- His erudite background made him a great teacher.
Esoteric
Definition: intended for or likely to be understood by only a small number of people
- The professor's lecture was too esoteric for the students.
- Esoteric knowledge often requires specialized training.
- Understanding esoteric concepts can deepen expertise in a subject.
Euphemism
Definition: A mild or indirect word or expression used in place of one that may be harsh or unpleasant.
- Passed away is a euphemism for "died."
- Using euphemisms can soften difficult conversations.
- Teachers often use euphemisms to talk about sensitive topics.
Exacerbate
Definition: To make a problem or situation worse.
- His rude comments only served to exacerbate the conflict.
- The pollution will exacerbate health issues in the area.
- Ignoring the issue will exacerbate the situation further.
Exculpate
Definition: To clear someone from blame or fault; to prove innocent.
- The evidence helped exculpate him from suspicion.
- She worked hard to exculpate her friend.
- Exculpating someone requires strong proof.
Fallacious
Definition: Based on a mistaken belief; misleading or deceptive.
- His argument was fallacious and easily disproven.
- She pointed out the fallacious reasoning in the debate.
- Fallacious claims can lead to confusion.
Fastidious
Definition: very attentive to detail; hard to please
- She is fastidious about keeping her room clean.
- His fastidious nature makes him a great editor.
- Understanding fastidiousness can help in achieving quality.
Fervent
Definition: Having or displaying a passionate intensity; enthusiastic.
- He is a fervent supporter of environmental conservation.
- Her fervent desire to help others is inspiring.
- Understanding fervent attitudes can motivate actions.
Fortuitous
Definition: happening by chance; accidental
- It was fortuitous that they met at the right time.
- Her fortuitous discovery changed everything.
- They had a fortuitous encounter while traveling.
Futile
Definition: Having no useful result; pointless.
- His efforts to change her mind were futile.
- It’s futile to argue if you’re not listening.
- The rescue attempt was deemed futile after hours.
Garrulous
Definition: Excessively talkative, especially about trivial matters.
- The garrulous neighbor told stories for hours.
- She found her garrulous friend entertaining.
- His garrulous nature made him popular at parties.
Hegemony
Definition: Leadership or dominance, especially by one country or social group over others.
- The country's hegemony affected its neighbors.
- He studied the concept of hegemony in political science.
- Hegemony can lead to inequality among nations.
Iconoclast
Definition: A person who attacks or criticizes cherished beliefs.
- As an iconoclast, he challenged traditional views in art.
- Iconoclasts often inspire change through their ideas.
- She is known as an iconoclast in her field.
Idiosyncrasy
Definition: A characteristic or habit that is peculiar to an individual.
- His idiosyncrasy was always tapping his foot.
- Everyone has their own idiosyncrasies.
- She embraced her idiosyncrasy of collecting stamps.
Immutable
Definition: unable to be changed
- The laws of physics are often seen as immutable.
- Her decision was immutable, and she stood by it.
- They believed in the immutable nature of truth.
Impasse
Definition: a situation in which no progress can be made
- The negotiations reached an impasse after several hours.
- They faced an impasse when they couldn't agree.
- Finding a solution to the impasse was challenging.
Impervious
Definition: not able to be affected or penetrated
- The coat is impervious to water.
- She remained impervious to the criticism.
- His impervious attitude made him strong.
Impetuous
Definition: acting quickly without thinking; impulsive
- Her impetuous decision surprised everyone.
- He is known for his impetuous nature.
- Being impetuous can lead to mistakes.
Implacable
Definition: unable to be calmed or appeased
- The implacable storm caused widespread damage.
- She faced an implacable foe in the competition.
- His implacable anger made it hard to talk.
Impugn
Definition: To challenge or question the truth or validity of something.
- He did not mean to impugn her character with his comments.
- The lawyer decided to impugn the witness's testimony.
- She felt it was unfair to impugn his motives.
Incongruous
Definition: not fitting or suitable; out of place
- His incongruous outfit drew attention.
- The decor seemed incongruous for a formal event.
- Her joke felt incongruous in the serious meeting.
Indefatigable
Definition: Persisting tirelessly; unyielding in effort.
- The teacher was indefatigable in her support for students.
- He worked indefatigably to complete the project on time.
- Her indefatigable spirit inspired everyone around her.
Ineffable
Definition: Too great or extreme to be expressed in words; indescribable.
- The beauty of the sunset was ineffable.
- She felt an ineffable joy during the celebration.
- His talent seemed ineffable to everyone around him.
Inexorable
Definition: Impossible to stop or prevent; relentless.
- The inexorable march of time affects us all.
- She faced inexorable challenges in her journey.
- The changes were inexorable and unavoidable.
Insidious
Definition: Proceeding in a gradual, subtle way but with harmful effects.
- The insidious spread of misinformation is a concern.
- She warned about the insidious nature of the disease.
- Insidious behavior can undermine trust over time.
Insipid
Definition: Lacking flavor or interest; dull.
- The soup was insipid and needed more seasoning.
- He found the lecture insipid and boring.
- The movie was insipid and failed to engage the audience.
Insular
Definition: Narrow-minded or isolated; relating to an island.
- His insular views limited his understanding of the world.
- They lived in an insular community with little outside influence.
- The insular nature of the group made it hard to connect.
Intangible
Definition: Something that cannot be touched or measured easily.
- Happiness is an intangible quality that many seek.
- The company's intangible assets include its brand reputation.
- Intangible benefits are often as important as tangible ones.
Insurrection
Definition: An act of rising in revolt against authority.
- The insurrection was quickly suppressed by the military.
- Many people were arrested during the insurrection.
- An insurrection can lead to significant changes in a country.
Juxtapose
Definition: To place two things side by side for comparison.
- The artist chose to juxtapose light and dark colors.
- In her essay, she juxtaposed two different viewpoints.
- Juxtaposing the images highlighted their differences.
Laconic
Definition: using few words; concise
- His laconic reply surprised everyone.
- She preferred laconic communication over long explanations.
- The laconic style of writing is often effective.
Languid
Definition: Weak or faint; lacking energy or vitality.
- After the long day, he felt languid and tired.
- The languid summer afternoon made her sleepy.
- She spoke in a languid voice, barely awake.
Lethargic
Definition: feeling sluggish or lacking energy
- She felt lethargic after staying up late.
- The hot weather made everyone feel lethargic.
- He was lethargic and didn't want to play outside.
Lucid
Definition: Clear and easy to understand; mentally clear.
- She gave a lucid explanation of the concept.
- His writing was lucid and engaging.
- They had a lucid discussion about the topic.
Magnanimous
Definition: Very generous or forgiving, especially toward a rival or less powerful person.
- He was magnanimous in victory, praising his opponent.
- Her magnanimous spirit won her many friends.
- They made a magnanimous donation to the charity.
Malevolent
Definition: having or showing a wish to do evil
- The malevolent character in the story caused trouble.
- She felt a malevolent presence in the dark room.
- His malevolent laughter echoed through the hall.
Malleable
Definition: capable of being shaped or bent without breaking
- The metal is malleable and can be formed easily.
- She enjoys working with malleable materials in art.
- Malleable substances are often used in manufacturing.
Mendacious
Definition: Dishonest or untruthful; characterized by lies.
- His mendacious claims led to distrust among friends.
- She found his mendacious behavior unacceptable.
- The mendacious nature of the report was exposed.
Meticulous
Definition: Showing great attention to detail; very careful and precise.
- He is meticulous in his work, checking every detail.
- She prepared a meticulous plan for the event.
- Meticulous research leads to accurate conclusions.
Mitigate
Definition: To make something less severe or serious; to lessen the impact.
- They took steps to mitigate the effects of the storm.
- His actions helped mitigate the risks involved.
- She worked to mitigate the damage from the flooding.
Nefarious
Definition: wicked or criminal in nature
- The villain had a nefarious plan to take over the world.
- They uncovered the nefarious activities of the gang.
- His nefarious actions led to serious consequences.
Obfuscate
Definition: To make something unclear or difficult to understand.
- The instructions were written poorly, which obfuscated the process.
- He tried to obfuscate his true intentions during the meeting.
- Obfuscating information can lead to confusion.
Omniscient
Definition: Having complete or unlimited knowledge; all-knowing.
- The narrator in the book was omniscient, knowing all characters' thoughts.
- An omniscient perspective can provide deep insights.
- He described the character as omniscient in its wisdom.
Ostentatious
Definition: Designed to impress or attract notice; flashy or showy.
- Her ostentatious outfit drew everyone's attention.
- He lived in an ostentatious mansion in the city.
- Ostentatious displays of wealth can be off-putting.
Paradox
Definition: A statement or situation that seems contradictory but may reveal a truth.
- It’s a paradox that less is often more.
- The paradox of choice can make decision-making difficult.
- He found the paradox interesting and worth exploring.
Parochial
Definition: Related to a parish or local area; narrow-minded.
- The parochial school focuses on community values.
- They discussed parochial issues in their meeting.
- Understanding parochial perspectives helps in local governance.
Pedantic
Definition: overly concerned with minor details or rules
- His pedantic approach made the lecture boring.
- She was criticized for her pedantic explanations.
- Understanding pedantic behavior helps improve communication.
Perfidious
Definition: Deceitful and untrustworthy; treacherous.
- His perfidious actions led to losing trust.
- The perfidious character in the story betrayed everyone.
- Understanding perfidious behavior is important in relationships.
Perfunctory
Definition: An action carried out with minimal effort or interest; routine and superficial.
- His perfunctory greeting made her feel unappreciated.
- The meeting was perfunctory, with no real discussion.
- She noticed his perfunctory attitude during the presentation.
Perspicacious
Definition: Having a ready insight into and understanding of things; perceptive.
- She was perspicacious in identifying the problem quickly.
- His perspicacious observations impressed the teacher.
- Being perspicacious can lead to better decision-making.
Pertinent
Definition: relevant or applicable to a particular matter
- He asked pertinent questions during the discussion.
- The information provided was pertinent to the topic.
- She included only pertinent details in her report.
Phlegmatic
Definition: slow to react or emotionally calm
- His phlegmatic nature helps him stay calm under pressure.
- She is known for her phlegmatic disposition during challenges.
- Understanding phlegmatic traits can enhance emotional awareness.
Placate
Definition: To calm someone down or make them less angry.
- She tried to placate her upset friend with kind words.
- The manager sought to placate the customers after the complaint.
- He brought flowers to placate his girlfriend after the argument.
Polarize
Definition: To cause to divide into sharply contrasting groups or opinions.
- The issue began to polarize the community.
- He aimed to polarize opinions with his controversial article.
- Polarizing topics can create heated discussions.
Pragmatic
Definition: dealing with things sensibly and realistically
- Her pragmatic approach to problem-solving is effective.
- He prefers pragmatic solutions over theoretical ones.
- Understanding pragmatic thinking improves decision-making.
Preclude
Definition: To prevent something from happening; to make impossible.
- His injury will preclude him from playing.
- They took steps to preclude any issues.
- Understanding how to preclude problems can improve planning.
Prodigious
Definition: Remarkably great in extent, size, or degree.
- She has a prodigious talent for music.
- The prodigious amount of data surprised the researchers.
- His prodigious efforts earned him a scholarship.
Prosaic
Definition: Dull or lacking in imagination; straightforward.
- His writing style was clear but prosaic.
- She found the prosaic details helpful but not exciting.
- The prosaic nature of the report made it less engaging.
Quixotic
Definition: very idealistic and unrealistic
- His quixotic plans to change the world seemed impossible.
- She has a quixotic dream of becoming a famous artist.
- They admired his quixotic approach to solving problems.
Recalcitrant
Definition: Stubbornly refusing to obey rules or orders.
- The recalcitrant student often caused disruptions.
- They had trouble managing the recalcitrant team member.
- His recalcitrant attitude frustrated the teacher.
Reclusive
Definition: Preferring to be alone and avoiding social interaction.
- The reclusive author rarely gave interviews.
- She lived a reclusive life in the mountains.
- Reclusive individuals may find comfort in solitude.
Refute
Definition: to prove that something is false
- He aimed to refute the incorrect information.
- She tried to refute the allegations against her.
- The evidence was enough to refute the claim.
Remonstrate
Definition: To argue or complain about something; to protest.
- They decided to remonstrate against the unfair policy.
- Students remonstrated for better conditions in school.
- He remonstrated with his friend about the decision.
Renounce
Definition: To formally give up or reject something.
- He decided to renounce his claim to the inheritance.
- She chose to renounce her citizenship.
- They will renounce the agreement if new terms are not met.
Reproach
Definition: to express disapproval or disappointment
- She reproached him for not studying harder.
- He felt reproach from his parents after failing the test.
- The teacher's reproach motivated him to improve.
Sagacious
Definition: wise and showing good judgment
- The sagacious leader made thoughtful decisions.
- He was known for his sagacious advice during tough times.
- Sagacious individuals often help others with their wisdom.
Salient
Definition: Most noticeable or important; prominent.
- The salient points of the presentation stood out.
- He highlighted the salient features of the product.
- Understanding the salient details is crucial for decision-making.
Sanguine
Definition: Cheerfully optimistic or positive.
- She remained sanguine about the project’s success.
- His sanguine attitude lifted everyone’s spirits.
- Being sanguine helps during difficult times.
Scathing
Definition: Severely critical or harsh in tone.
- The teacher gave a scathing review of the project.
- Her scathing remarks hurt his feelings.
- He wrote a scathing article about the poor service.
Scrupulous
Definition: very careful to do things correctly and honestly
- She is scrupulous about following the rules.
- He is known for his scrupulous attention to detail.
- Scrupulous work is important in research.
Serendipity
Definition: the occurrence of events by chance in a happy way
- Finding the lost ring was pure serendipity.
- She believed in serendipity and made the most of it.
- His life was filled with moments of serendipity.
Somnolent
Definition: sleepy or drowsy
- The somnolent atmosphere made everyone want to nap.
- She felt somnolent after staying up late.
- The somnolent music helped her relax and fall asleep.
Succinct
Definition: Briefly and clearly expressed; concise.
- His explanation was succinct and easy to understand.
- She gave a succinct summary of the book.
- Succinct writing is often more effective.
Superfluous
Definition: not necessary; more than enough
- The extra decorations were superfluous for the simple party.
- He removed the superfluous details from his report.
- Superfluous spending can lead to financial issues.
Surreptitious
Definition: Kept secret, especially because it would not be approved of; sneaky.
- They made a surreptitious plan to surprise their friend.
- He took a surreptitious glance at the answers.
- Surreptitious actions can lead to consequences.
Sycophant
Definition: A person who flatters others to gain favor; a fawning subordinate.
- He was known as a sycophant, always praising his boss.
- Sycophants often lack genuine opinions.
- The sycophant's behavior annoyed his coworkers.
Taciturn
Definition: Reserved and not inclined to talk much; silent.
- He was taciturn during the meeting, only speaking when necessary.
- Her taciturn nature made her a great listener.
- Understanding taciturn behavior can enhance interpersonal relations.
Tantamount
Definition: Equivalent in value, significance, or effect; essentially the same as.
- His actions were tantamount to breaking the rules.
- The decision was tantamount to a loss of trust.
- Understanding what is tantamount is key in discussions.
Tenuous
Definition: Very weak or slight; having little substance or strength.
- The connection between them was tenuous at best.
- He made a tenuous argument that lacked evidence.
- Understanding tenuous relationships can help in social dynamics.
Transient
Definition: lasting for a short time; temporary
- The transient nature of clouds fascinated her.
- He lived in a transient place before settling down.
- The transient visitors added vibrancy to the town.
Ubiquitous
Definition: Present everywhere at the same time; widespread.
- Smartphones are ubiquitous in modern society.
- The internet has become ubiquitous in daily life.
- Understanding ubiquitous trends can help in technology.
Unctuous
Definition: Excessively flattering or ingratiating; smooth and greasy in texture or appearance.
- His unctuous compliments made her uncomfortable.
- The unctuous sauce coated the pasta perfectly.
- She found his unctuous behavior to be insincere.
Vacillate
Definition: to waver between different opinions or actions
- He tends to vacillate between different career choices.
- She vacillated on whether to attend the event.
- The committee will vacillate until a consensus is reached.
Venerate
Definition: to regard with respect
- Many people venerate their ancestors.
- We should venerate those who have helped us.
- She is venerated for her contributions to science.
Verbose
Definition: using more words than necessary
- Her verbose explanations confused everyone.
- He tends to be verbose when telling stories.
- We need to avoid verbose writing in our reports.
Vindicate
Definition: To clear someone of blame or suspicion.
- The evidence helped to vindicate her innocence.
- He hoped to vindicate his reputation with this project.
- The investigation was meant to vindicate the accused.
Virulent
Definition: extremely harmful or poisonous
- The virulent strain of bacteria spread quickly.
- He faced virulent criticism for his actions.
- The virulent nature of the infection worried the doctors.
Volatile
Definition: Capable of changing rapidly and unpredictably; unstable.
- The stock market can be very volatile.
- She avoided investing in volatile stocks.
- His emotions were volatile during the argument.
Voracious
Definition: Having a huge appetite; eager to consume.
- He is a voracious reader, finishing books quickly.
- The voracious crowd cheered for the performers.
- Her voracious interest in science led her to study biology.
Wane
Definition: to decrease in size or amount
- The moon will wane after the full moon.
- Interest in the topic began to wane over time.
- The excitement started to wane as the event ended.
Zealous
Definition: showing great energy in support of a cause
- She is zealous about helping the community.
- His zealous efforts made a big difference.
- The team was zealous in their preparation for the game.
Essential Words For The AP English Language And Composition Exam Vocabulary Word List | English C2 Level (Proficiency / Mastery)
37 Word
Abstruse
Definition: difficult to understand; obscure
- The professor's lecture was so abstruse that many students felt lost.
- The concept of quantum physics can be quite abstruse for beginners.
- She found the abstruse theories in the book challenging to grasp.
Anachronistic
Definition: Out of place in terms of time; not belonging to the current time.
- His anachronistic outfit made everyone laugh.
- The film included anachronistic elements that were humorous.
- She pointed out the anachronistic details in the story.
Austere
Definition: Severe or strict in manner, attitude, or appearance.
- The austere classroom had minimal decorations.
- He lived an austere lifestyle focused on simplicity.
- The design of the building was austere yet elegant.
Conciliatory
Definition: Intended to calm or reconcile; appeasing.
- She offered a conciliatory gesture after the disagreement.
- His conciliatory tone helped ease tensions.
- They took a conciliatory approach to resolve the issue.
Condescending
Definition: Showing a superior attitude towards others; patronizing.
- His condescending tone annoyed the students.
- She spoke to him in a condescending manner.
- Condescending behavior can hurt relationships.
Conundrum
Definition: A confusing or difficult problem or question.
- The math problem was a real conundrum for the class.
- She faced a conundrum when choosing between two jobs.
- Understanding how to solve conundrums enhances critical thinking.
Debilitate
Definition: To weaken or hinder the strength of something.
- The illness can debilitate even the strongest person.
- He felt debilitated after the long hike.
- Understanding how to debilitate can help in health management.
Decorum
Definition: Proper behavior and etiquette in social situations.
- He displayed great decorum during the meeting.
- The students were taught decorum during the event.
- Understanding decorum helps in professional interactions.
Derelict
Definition: abandoned and in poor condition; a homeless person
- The derelict building was a safety hazard.
- He found a derelict car in the alley.
- The city planned to renovate derelict areas.
Despotism
Definition: A form of government where a single entity rules with absolute power.
- Despotism often leads to the suppression of freedom.
- The people suffered under despotism for many years.
- Historical examples of despotism can be seen in various countries.
Dissonance
Definition: A lack of harmony among musical notes or ideas.
- The dissonance in the music was jarring but interesting.
- She felt dissonance between her beliefs and actions.
- The dissonance in their conversation led to misunderstandings.
Effervescent
Definition: Bubbly, lively, or enthusiastic; having effervescence.
- She has an effervescent personality that lights up the room.
- The effervescent drink was perfect for celebrations.
- Understanding effervescent qualities can improve social interactions.
Elusive
Definition: Difficult to find, catch, or achieve; hard to define.
- The solution to the puzzle remained elusive for hours.
- Success can sometimes feel elusive, but it’s worth pursuing.
- The elusive butterfly flitted from flower to flower.
Enigmatic
Definition: Mysterious and difficult to understand.
- The painting had an enigmatic quality that intrigued everyone.
- She smiled enigmatically, leaving us curious about her thoughts.
- His enigmatic personality made him popular at school.
Equanimity
Definition: Mental calmness and composure, especially in difficult situations.
- She faced the challenges with equanimity.
- Equanimity helps in managing stress effectively.
- Maintaining equanimity is important during exams.
Grandiose
Definition: Impressive or extravagant in appearance or style, often to an excessive degree.
- His grandiose plans for the project were unrealistic.
- The mansion was filled with grandiose decorations.
- She had a grandiose vision for her future career.
Harangue
Definition: a lengthy and aggressive speech or lecture
- He gave a harangue about the importance of studying.
- Her harangue motivated the students to work harder.
- The teacher's harangue was meant to inspire change.
Idiosyncratic
Definition: Peculiar or individual; having unique characteristics.
- His idiosyncratic style sets him apart from others.
- She has an idiosyncratic way of solving problems.
- The artist is known for her idiosyncratic approach.
Indomitable
Definition: Impossible to subdue or defeat; strong and resilient.
- Her indomitable spirit inspired everyone around her.
- He faced challenges with an indomitable attitude.
- The team showed indomitable courage during the game.
Intrepid
Definition: Fearless and adventurous; willing to take risks.
- The intrepid explorer traveled to remote places.
- She admired the intrepid spirit of the mountaineers.
- Understanding intrepid behavior encourages courage and exploration.
Pernicious
Definition: Having a harmful effect, especially in a gradual or subtle way.
- The pernicious weeds choked the life from the garden.
- Smoking has pernicious effects on health.
- They discussed the pernicious influence of misinformation.
Pervasive
Definition: spreading widely throughout an area or group
- The pervasive influence of technology affects daily life.
- There was a pervasive sense of excitement in the air.
- Pervasive issues can be hard to ignore in society.
Platitude
Definition: a remark or statement that is overused and lacks originality
- His speech was full of platitudes that bored the audience.
- She recognized the platitude in his response.
- Avoiding platitudes makes writing more engaging.
Precarious
Definition: In a state of uncertainty or instability; not secure.
- The ladder was in a precarious position.
- His job situation was precarious after the company downsized.
- Understanding precarious situations can help in making safer choices.
Salubrious
Definition: Health-giving; beneficial to health.
- The salubrious climate makes it a great place to live.
- Eating fruits and vegetables is salubrious.
- They chose a salubrious diet for better health.
Sanctimonious
Definition: Making a show of being morally superior to others.
- His sanctimonious attitude annoyed his friends.
- She sounded sanctimonious while lecturing others.
- They criticized his sanctimonious behavior during discussions.
Scintillating
Definition: Sparkling or shining brightly; also used to describe something that is interesting and exciting.
- The presentation was scintillating and held everyone's attention.
- She enjoyed the scintillating conversation at dinner.
- The starry night sky was scintillating and beautiful.
Supercilious
Definition: behaving or looking as though one thinks they are superior to others
- His supercilious attitude made it hard to work with him.
- She found his supercilious comments very annoying.
- The supercilious look on her face showed her disdain.
Transitory
Definition: temporary; not lasting for a long time
- The transitory nature of feelings can be surprising.
- She enjoyed the transitory moments of happiness.
- He reflected on the transitory experiences of childhood.
Visceral
Definition: related to deep inward feelings rather than intellect
- He had a visceral reaction to the sad movie.
- Her visceral understanding of art is impressive.
- Visceral emotions often drive people's decisions.
The word usage examples above have been gathered from various sources to reflect current and historical usage of the word . They do not represent the opinions of TranslateEN.com.
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